Entering old age, the body undergoes various changes, including to the skin. Elderly skin generally becomes drier, thinner, and easily damaged. This makes the elderly more susceptible to various skin diseases. Here are 7 types of skin diseases that often affect the elderly.
Skin diseases that often affect the elderly
1. Dry Skin (Xerosis)
Dry skin or xerosis is the most common skin condition in the elderly. Dry skin is characterized by itching, cracking, and scaling. This is due to the reduced production of oil glands in the skin as we age.
2. Eczema
Eczema is a skin condition characterized by itching, redness, and inflammation. Eczema in the elderly can be caused by various factors, such as dry skin, allergies, and stress.
3. Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease characterized by itching, redness, and inflammation of the skin. Atopic dermatitis often recurs in the elderly who have a history of this disease in childhood.
4. Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that causes the skin to become thick, red and scaly. Psoriasis in the elderly often affects the scalp, elbows, knees and lower back.
5. Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is the most serious disease that can affect the skin. The risk of developing skin cancer increases in the elderly who are often exposed to sunlight. The most common types of skin cancer in the elderly are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
6. Skin Infections
Skin infections in the elderly can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Skin infections in the elderly often occur in moist and irritated skin areas.
7. Decubitus Ulcers
Decubitus ulcers are wounds that occur on the skin due to prolonged pressure. Decubitus ulcers often occur in the elderly who cannot move on their own, such as the elderly who are bedridden for a long time.
How to Prevent Skin Diseases in the Elderly
Although it cannot be completely prevented, there are several steps that can be taken to help prevent skin diseases in the elderly, including:
1. Use Sunscreen Every Day
Excessive sun exposure is one of the main factors that cause skin damage and increase the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, it is important for older adults to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 every day, even on cloudy days.
Choose a water-resistant sunscreen and apply it evenly over the skin 15 minutes before outdoor activities. Reapply every two hours, or more frequently if sweating or swimming.
2. Maintain Skin Hygiene
Regular bathing with warm water and mild soap can help cleanse the skin of dirt, sweat and bacteria. Avoid using soaps that are harsh or contain irritating chemicals, as they can dry and irritate the skin. Use a moisturizer that is suitable for your skin type after bathing to maintain skin moisture.
3. Maintain a Healthy Diet
Consumption of foods rich in vitamins and minerals, such as fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, can help maintain healthy skin from within.
Vitamins A, C and E have antioxidant properties that help protect the skin from free radical damage. Zinc and selenium are also important for skin health and help in wound healing.
4. Drink Enough Water
Keeping the body well hydrated is essential for healthy skin. Drink at least 8 glasses of water per day to help keep your skin moisturized and elastic. Not drinking enough water can make your skin dry, cracked, and more prone to irritation.
5. Wear Clothing that Protects the Skin
Wear loose-fitting clothing made from sweat-wicking materials to help keep your skin cool and comfortable. Avoid clothes that are too tight or made from synthetic materials, as they can make the skin sweat and become irritated. Wear a hat and sunglasses when outdoors to protect your skin from the sun.
6. Manage Stress Well
Stress can worsen various skin conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis. Therefore, it is important for seniors to manage stress well. Do activities that can help relieve stress, such as yoga, meditation, or spending time with loved ones.
7. Avoid Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can worsen skin conditions and increase the risk of skin diseases. Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption to maintain overall skin and body health.
8. Routinely Conduct Skin Checks
Check your skin regularly to detect early signs of skin diseases, such as rashes, redness, itching, or sores. If you find any suspicious signs, consult a doctor immediately for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Maintaining healthy skin in the elderly is as important as maintaining the health of other organs. By adopting a healthy lifestyle and taking the right preventive measures, the elderly can enjoy healthy skin and avoid various skin diseases.
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